Main Detrainment Height of Deep Convection Systems over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Southern Slope     

Quanliang CHEN  Guolu GAO  Yang LI  Hongke CAI  Xin ZHOU  Zhenglin WANG 《大气科学进展》2019,36(10):1078-1088

Deep convection systems (DCSs) can rapidly lift water vapor and other pollutants from the lower troposphere to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The main detrainment height determines the level to which the air parcel is lifted. We analyzed the main detrainment height over the Tibetan Plateau and its southern slope based on the CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar 2B_GEOPROF dataset and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Level 2 cloud ice product onboard the A-train constellation of Earth-observing satellites. It was found that the DCSs over the Tibetan Plateau and its southern slope have a higher main detrainment height (about 10?16 km) than other regions in the same latitude. The mean main detrainment heights are 12.9 and 13.3 km over the Tibetan Plateau and its southern slope, respectively. The cloud ice water path decreases by 16.8% after excluding the influences of DCSs, and the height with the maximum increase in cloud ice water content is located at 178 hPa (about 13 km). The main detrainment height and outflow horizontal range are higher and larger over the central and eastern Tibetan Plateau, the west of the southern slope, and the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau than that over the northwestern Tibetan Plateau. The main detrainment height and outflow horizontal range are lower and broader at nighttime than during daytime.  相似文献   

2017-2018年冬季黑龙江省气温异常成因分析     

班晋  李永生  赵佳莹  孙镆涵 《黑龙江气象》2019,36(1):14-17,23

2017-2018年冬季全省平均气温为-19.7℃,较历年同期偏低2.2℃,为1981年以来的第3位,仅次于2000年和2012年。本文利用NCEP再分析资料,对2017-2018年黑龙江省冬季气温异常成因进行分析,结果表明大气环流的异常是造成黑龙江省冬季气温异常偏低的直接原因。东亚季风环流系统表现为:东亚冬季风强度偏强,西伯利亚高压偏强,500hPa东亚大槽异常偏深。分析下垫面外强迫因素,2017-2018年赤道中东太平洋出现拉尼娜事件,分析显示拉尼娜事件发生可能导致冬季风偏强,从而也是造成全省气温偏低的主要原因之一。  相似文献   

春季对流层温度的季内和季节以上分量对南海夏季风爆发的年代际变化的相对影响     

尤俊丽  简茂球  林晓霞 《热带气象学报》2019,35(3):313-323

南海夏季风爆发时间在1993/1994年出现显著的年代际提早, 探讨了大气要素场的不同时间尺度分量季节演变的年代际变异对南海夏季风爆发时间的年代际变异的相对影响作用。南海夏季风爆发时间的年代际提早与南海季风区对流层经向温度梯度季节性逆转的年代际提早有密切联系。南海季风区5月中对流层经向温度梯度年代际增强主要由季风区北部温度的年代际显著增暖造成。季内分量和季节以上分量对1993年之前南海季风区经向温度梯度逆转及加强时间偏晚的作用同等重要。经向温度梯度距平的季节以上分量主要源于季风区北部温度相应分量的贡献, 而季节内分量则主要由南部相应分量影响所致, 并由25~90 d分量所主导。季节以上分量对1994年之后南海季风区经向温度梯度逆转及加强时间偏早的贡献要大于季节内分量的贡献。经向温度梯度距平的季节以上分量和季内分量对总距平的正贡献都主要来自于季风区北部温度相应分量。两种季内低频分量对温度梯度季内分量的贡献率相当, 10~25 d分量主要由南海北部温度相应分量所主导, 25~90 d分量对总距平的正贡献也源自北部分量。准双周振荡分量对各年代南海夏季风爆发具有明显的触发作用。   相似文献   

THE IMPACT OF MOUNTAIN TO BASIN WINDS ON THE DIURNAL VARIATION IN FOG OVER THE SICHUAN BASIN, CHINA     

张福颖  刘海文  朱玉祥  赵亮  段伯隆  傅宁 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(2):257-268

There is an increased demand for the accurate prediction of fog events in the Sichuan Basin (SCB) using numerical methods. A dense fog event that occurred over the SCB on 22 December 2016 was investigated. The results show that this dense fog event was influenced by the southwest of a low pressure with a weak horizontal pressure gradient and high relative humidity. This fog event showed typical diurnal variations. The fog began to form at 1800 UTC on 21 December 2016 (0200 local standard time on 22 December 2016) and dissipated at 0600 UTC on 22 December 2016 (1400 local standard time on 22 December 2016). The Weather Research and Forecasting model was able to partially reproduce the main features of this fog event and the diurnal variation in the local mountain to basin winds. The simulated horizontal visibility and liquid water content were used to characterize the fog. The mountain to basin winds had an important role in the diurnal variation of the fog event. The positive feedback mechanism between the fog and mountain to basin winds was good for the formation and maintain of the fog during the night. During the day, the mountain to basin wind displayed a transition from downslope flows to upslope flows. Water vapor evaporated easily from the warm, strong upslope winds, which resulted in the dissipation of fog during the day. The topography surrounding the SCB favored the lifting and condensation of air parcels in the lower troposphere as a result of the low height of the lifting condensation level.  相似文献   

西藏改则县多龙矿集区斑岩型铜金矿床的地质特征与成矿-找矿模型   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  

陈红旗  曲晓明  范淑芳 《矿床地质》2015,34(2):321-332

多龙矿集区位于班公湖_怒江成矿带西段、羌塘地块南缘的岩浆弧中。过去十多年来,西藏地勘局第五地质大队在多龙矿集区内已发现和评价了多不杂、波龙、地堡那木岗、拿若、荣那等5处大型、超大型铜金多金属矿床,目前已探明的铜资源量近1000万吨,金300余吨。区内以斑岩型铜金矿床为主,兼有斑岩_浅成低温热液型和斑岩_角砾岩型矿化组合。研究发现,矿区黄铁矿的δ34S值变化于-2.2‰~2.3‰之间,平均为0.2‰,峰值在-1‰~1‰之间,塔式效应明显,接近幔源硫,显示成矿物质来源于深部岩浆;成矿温度介于250~420℃之间,成矿深度1~5 km,成矿流体为残余岩浆流体,大气降水在成矿过程中的作用不明显。作者根据多年的勘查实践,总结出多龙矿集区斑岩型铜金矿最有效的找矿勘查方法技术组合是:地质+化探(水系沉积物)+物探(高精度磁测、激电中梯)+钻探。  相似文献   

Physical analog (centrifuge) model investigation of contrasting structural styles in the Salt Range and Potwar Plateau,northern Pakistan     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2015

We use scaled physical analog (centrifuge) modeling to investigate along- and across-strike structural variations in the Salt Range and Potwar Plateau of the Himalayan foreland fold-thrust belt of Pakistan. The models, composed of interlayered plasticine and silicone putty laminae, comprise four mechanical units representing the Neoproterozoic Salt Range Formation (basal detachment), Cambrian–Eocene carapace sequence, and Rawalpindi and Siwalik Groups (Neogene molasse), on a rigid base representing the Indian craton. Pre-cut ramps simulate basement faults with various structural geometries.A pre-existing north-dipping basement normal fault under the model foreland induces a frontal ramp and a prominent fault-bend-fold culmination, simulating the Salt Range. The ramp localizes displacement on a frontal thrust that occurs out-of-sequence with respect to other foreland folds and thrusts. With a frontal basement fault terminating to the east against a right-stepping, east-dipping lateral ramp, deformation propagates further south in the east; strata to the east of the lateral ramp are telescoped in ENE-trending detachment folds, fault-propagation folds and pop-up structures above a thick basal detachment (Salt Range Formation), in contrast to translated but less-deformed strata with E–W-trending Salt-Range structures to the west. The models are consistent with Salt Range–Potwar Plateau structural style contrasts being due to basement fault geometry and variation in detachment thickness.  相似文献   

青藏高原、中国东部及北美副热带地区夏季降水系统发生频次的TRMM资料分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

周胜男  罗亚丽  汪会 《气象》2015,41(1):1-16

利用1998—2011年夏季（6—8月）TRMM卫星资料分析青藏高原（TP）、中国东部（EC）及北美副热带西部（WNA）和东部（ENA）降水系统的发生频次,定义降水系统为TRMM测雨雷达观测到近地面有降水的相邻像元组成的个体,即RPF （Radar Precipitation Feature）,将RPF分为全体RPF、大面积RPF（面积＞1000 km2）和小面积RPF（面积不＜400 km2）3组,对比分析四个区域内各组的RPF个数发生频次和RPF像元个数发生频次,主要结果如下：（1）全体RPF的个数发生频次在青藏高原地区最高,北美东部地区最低;全体RPF的降水像元个数发生频次在中国东部最高,青藏高原最低。（2）四个区域内RPF发生频次的日变化主要为单峰结构,峰值出现在当地午后至傍晚,且大面积RPF的峰值时间晚于小面积RPF的;中国东部地区RPF降水像元个数发生频次则具有双峰结构。（3）RPF降水像元个数发生频次的分析结果与以往基于地面观测降水量的分析结果相似。  相似文献   

一种改进的数值预报降水偏差订正方法及应用   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

孙靖  程光光  张小玲 《应用气象学报》2015,26(2):173-184

对传统的消除偏差法进行改进,形成分等级消除偏差法,并使用混合训练期和60 d滑动训练期方案分别对2012年6—8月ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting) 模式夏季1~5 d的降水预报进行订正试验。为了尽可能符合中国东部夏季降水具有移动性及多种时间尺度变化的特点,混合训练期以预报期前30 d与预报期前一年同日的前后各15 d组成。结果表明:在使用分等级消除偏差法的基础上,相比ECMWF模式降水预报,两种训练期方案的订正结果几乎对各个阈值的ETS评分均有一定提高,特别是对25 mm以上降水预报评分的提高幅度,混合训练期方案的订正结果明显高于60 d滑动训练期方案;在区域性强降水预报的订正中,混合训练期方案优势更为明显。另外,通过分析两种训练期方案的预报偏差发现,分等级订正是此次消除偏差订正试验中提高强降水预报评分的关键,选择合适的训练期可以增加评分提高的幅度。由于上述试验使用的ECMWF模式预报和站点实况均是业务上常用数据,因此,该方法具有一定的业务应用价值。  相似文献   

黄土高原春季干旱时空分异特征     

姚玉璧  王劲松  王莺  杨金虎  李俭峰  雷俊 《高原气象》2015,34(1):30-38

采用基于相对湿润度的干旱指数分析方法和黄土高原1961 2010年气候要素资料,研究了黄土高原春季干旱时空变化、异常分布和次区域演变特征。结果表明:1961 2010年黄土高原春季干旱强度变化呈现明显中心区域强、周边区域弱的分布特征,其中中部腹地干旱强度增加趋势倾向率最大,中部周边干旱强度增加次之,东北部和西部边缘呈减弱趋势。研究区不同区域春季干旱强度呈同位相变化是干旱变化的首要空间分布模态,异常中心区域在陕北、陇东及宁夏西南部。东西部反相位分布模态反映了黄土高原东西部所受大气系统影响差异性的特征。根据载荷向量不同模态空间异常分布型,可将春季干旱划分为西北部型、东北部型和南部型等3个次区域异常型,南部春季干旱强度时间序列呈显著增强趋势,其由弱变强的突变点出现在1977年,西北部和东北部干旱强度也呈波动增强趋势,但未通过显著性检验,没有突变。西北部和南部春季干旱指数存在显著的3~4年振荡周期,东北部存在显著的5~6年振荡周期。  相似文献   

CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC SUBTROPICAL HIGH AND EASTERN ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON SYSTEM BASED ON FUZZY SYSTEMS AND DYNAMICAL MODEL INVERSION FORECAST     

洪梅  张韧  阎恒乾  葛晶晶 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(S1):34-45

Based on the adaptive network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), methods to filter out the noise of impact factors from the main signal are discussed. Focusing on the abnormal weather conditions in 2010, we use the delay-relevant method to analyze the five members of the summer monsoon system that had the largest effect on the subtropical high anomalies from the observational data. ANFIS is suitable for research and simulation of subtropical highs that are difficult to describe accurately with dynamics, allowing the effect of five factors on the subtropical high anomalies to be examined. Our results show that the Mascarene cold high, the Indian monsoon latent heat flux, and the South China Sea monsoon trough had the largest effect on the subtropical high anomalies. Diagnostic analysis, with genetic algorithms (GA) and dynamical reconstruction theory, reconstructed the nonlinear dynamical model of the subtropical high and its main factors objectively and accurately from the sequence of observations in 2010. Furthermore, a dynamically extended forecast experiment is performed. The forecasts for the subtropical high area index, the Mascarene cold high index, the Indian monsoon latent heat flux, and the South China Sea monsoon trough index all show a strong short-term effect over less than 25 days. The forecasting trend is accurate, and the error rate is no more than 7%. Our results provide new insight and methods for research on the association between the western Pacific subtropical high and the East Asian summer monsoon system, and for the prediction of the western Pacific subtropical high index.  相似文献